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利用胶体研究晶体的熔化和结晶

Using colloids to understand the dynamics of melting and crystallization

  • 摘要: 晶体的熔化和结晶尽管有上百年的研究历史,但还缺乏基础层面上的理论,实验上则难以看到晶体内部单分子的运动。近二十年来,均匀微米大小的胶体粒子为研究这些问题提供了一个良好的实验平台。通过光学显微镜可以直接观察胶体粒子组成的晶体的表面和内部,研究相变在最初小尺度上的成核过程,并用图像处理得到单个粒子的运动轨迹,为复杂的结晶和熔化过程提供了丰富的微观信息。

     

    Abstract: Crystal freezing and melting have been studied for more than a century, but a theory about their fundamental mechanisms remains unavailable. Experimentally it is difficult to observe the motions of single molecules inside a crystal. In the last two decades, micrometer-sized colloidal particles have been used as outstanding model systems for phase-transition studies. The initial nucleation process can be directly observed under a microscope, and single-particle trajectories can be tracked by image processing. This approach provides rich microscopic information on melting and crystallization.

     

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