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从随机到取向——分子转动动力学的超快调控

From random to oriented——ultrafast control of molecular rotation dynamics

  • 摘要: 分子取向物理是研究如何操控分子空间排列方向以及如何制备具有特定方向的分子。近十多年来,分子取向物理学取得巨大进展,人们通过各种技术对分子取向物理进行研究,使人们对分子取向的认识达到一个全新的高度。文章首先介绍了分子的量子态及其分布,转动量子态选择方法和分子的转动动力学,然后概述通过制备和调控转动态的相干布居来控制分子取向的方法。实验和理论表明,分子的不同转动态在相同激光条件作用下产生的转动波包不一样,从而导致分子的准直和取向程度随时间演化完全不一样。通过选择合适的转动量子态能够很好地提高分子取向程度。取向分子作为相互作用靶,为原子分子动力学、精密测量物理、立体化学反应和表面碰撞过程等提供了更加丰富多彩的研究内容。

     

    Abstract: Molecular orientation physics studies the manipulation of the spatial arrangement of molecules and the preparation of molecular structures with a given defined direction. In the last decade, this field has made great progress; with the help of various techniques our understanding of molecular orientation has reached a whole new level. We first describe the quantum state distribution of molecules, the methods for selecting molecular rotation quantum states, and molecular rotational dynamics, then summarize recent results on the control of molecular orientation by ultrafast coherent rotational state population. Both experiment and theory have illustrated that under the same laser excitation starts from different rotational states, different rotation wave packets are formed and the time dependent evolution of alignment and orientation are complete different. It has demonstrated that the degree of orientation for molecules can be increased by select rotational states. The use of oriented molecules as the interaction target can provide rich material for research on atomic and molecular dynamics, precision measurement, stereo-chemical reactions,and molecule-surface collision processes.

     

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