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X射线自由电子激光单颗粒成像研究

Single particle imaging with X-ray free electron lasers

  • 摘要: 具有超高亮度、超短脉冲、全相干特性的X射线自由电子激光(X-ray Free Electron Lasers,XFELs)的出现为超快时间研究与超微结构探索带来新的机遇,使得获取单分子、单颗粒原子分辨率图像及电影成为可能。随着德国FLASH、意大利FERMI、美国LCLS以及日本SACLA等装置的建成与投入使用,X射线自由电子激光已经进入了快速发展的阶段,一系列物理、化学、生物、材料科学领域的前沿研究成果不断涌现。为突破实验技术、工程设备及软件算法上的技术壁垒,相关科研机构通过国际合作,拟实现纳米颗粒、细菌、细胞、病毒、团簇及生物学大分子等单颗粒的原子分辨率成像。文章将聚焦单颗粒成像的发展历史、科学意义、研究背景、研究目标、研究规划、研究现状及世界各国的布局,并展望单颗粒成像未来的发展。

     

    Abstract: The emergence of ultra-intense, ultrafast, and coherent X-ray free electron lasers (FELs) offers opportunities for ultrafast time-scale studies and ultra-small structure determination,making it possible to acquire images and movies of single-molecules and single-particles at atomic resolution. With the completion and use of the FLASH, FERMI, LCLS, and SACLA facilities, X-ray FELs have entered a stage of rapid development, and a series of cutting-edge research results in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science are emerging. To realize single particle imaging, research institutions are collaborating worldwide to overcome the technical barriers in experimental techniques, X-ray instrumentation and data analysis. They aim to achieve imaging of nanoparticles, bacteria, cells, viruses, clusters and biological macromolecules on the atomic scale. In this review we will give a brief introduction to the background, scientific significance, objectives, research roadmap, current status, and prospective future development of single particle imaging.

     

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