Abstract: Since its discovery in 1911, superconductivity has remained at the forefront of modern physics for more than 100 years, and room-temperature superconductivity is still the long-cherished goal of scientists all over the world. Recently, the hydrogen-rich high-temperature superconductors, such as H₃S and LaH₁₀ discovered at megabar pressures, have constantly broken the record of the superconducting critical temperature, signaling the dawn of the ultimate realization of room-temperature superconductivity, and thus have attracted widespread attention. In this paper, based on the timeline of the discovery of superconducting materials, we first briefly overview the existing systems and the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory based on the electronphonon coupling mechanism. Then, we summarize the current research progress, existing problems and challenges, as well as possible future research directions for the hydrogen- rich high-temperature superconducting materials.