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负离子的故事

A tale of negative ions

  • 摘要: 负离子广泛存在于气体、液体和固体中,参与很多重要的物理化学过程。负离子的额外电子和中性芯之间的结合很弱,这使得负离子具有显著不同于中性原子和正离子的独特性质,如负离子通常没有激发态。文章首先回顾元素周期表中各原子的电子亲和势、负离子的能级结构,以及相应的测量方法,之后详细介绍最近在过渡族元素负离子方面的研究进展,然后讨论负离子的激光冷却和偶极束缚态,最后总结和展望气相负离子相关研究。

     

    Abstract: Negative ions exist widely in gases, liquids, and solids, playing an important role in many physical and chemical processes. The binding between the extra electron and the neutral core is very weak, which gives negative ions unique properties that are significantly different from neutral atoms and positive ions. For example, negative ions usually have no excited state. This article first reviews the electron affinity of atoms in the periodic table and the energy levels of their negative ions, as well as the corresponding measurement methods. A detailed introduction to recent research on the transition element negative ions is then presented, followed by a description of laser cooling and the dipole bound states of negative ions. Finally, future prospective research on gas-phase negative ions is summarized.

     

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