Abstract: Quantum communication utilizes quantum states to carry and transmit information. Compared to deterministic information carriers such as electromagnetic waves in modern communication, the unique properties of quantum states, such as the no-cloning theorem and measurement-induced collapse, enable the detection of eavesdropping. However, quantum states at the single-photon level are highly susceptible to external disturbances, making practical implementation of quantum communication a major challenge. This paper focuses on optical fiber channels, which are commonly used in optical communication, and describes the main sources and mechanisms of channel interference; the key anti-interference techniques in quantum communication are then reviewed.