Abstract: In the history of physics, Aristotle made an unprecedented systematic study on the fundamental properties of time and space, establishing the first comparatively complete theory. His doctrine on time and space had an important and profound influence on the development of ancient and modern physics and philosophy. We present a systematic study of Aristotelian temporal doctrine, from which we derive a series of conclusions, revealing Aristotle′s fundamental achievements on the understanding of time. We discuss briefly thier influence on modern physics.