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现代热力学的完整分类系统——非平衡非耗散热力学新领域

A COMPLETE SYSTEMATIZATION OF MODERN THERMODYNAMICS——A NEW FIELD OF NONEQUILIBRIUM NONDISSIPATIVE THERMODYNAMICS

  • 摘要: 在同一体系中同时有多个不可逆过程时,不可逆过程之间会有相互影响,原来的非自发过程有可能在其他自发过程的影响下得以进行,这种现象就称为热力学耦合或反应耦合.长期以来,经典热力学把热力学第二定律的等式作为平衡体系的充分必要条件,其中隐含了一个前提性的假定,即经典热力学的对象只限于非耦合的体系.摈弃这一隐含的前提性假定以后,热力学自身就发展成为一个现代热力学的完整学术体系,适用于任何宏观体系 (包括极其复杂的生命体系).现代热力学的完整学术体系中包含了一个崭新的非平衡非耗散热力学新领域.由于该领域属于热力学第二定律的等式部分,因此可以定量计算,并得到了一系列理论计算的非平衡相图,与文献上报道的激活低压金刚石合成等的大量实验数据相符.

     

    Abstract: For a system including several irreversible processes,there are mutual influences between these processes each other. Due to the influence of other spontaneous reactions or processes, some reactions or processes may progress in a direction contrary to their original spontaneous direction. That is called thermodynamic coupling or reaction coupling. In classical point of view the equality of the second law of thermodynamics was always regarded as a necessary and sufficient condition for a system being in equilibrium. However, this assumption (or a premise) is only valid for uncoupling systems. After avoiding this assumption (or premise), thermodynamics has really come into a new era of modern thermodynamics. Modern thermodynamics can be used for any macroscopic system (including very complex living systems). Thus a new field of nonequilibrium nondissipative thermodynamics emerges. The new field still belongs to the equality part of the second law of thermodynamics, so quantitative calculation can be made, and a series of nonequilibrium phase diagrams can be obtained, which agree excellently with a lot of reported experimental data for the activated low pressure diamond syntheses and other new processes.

     

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