Abstract: Colloid spheres in the suspension can self－assemble into two－dimensional colloid crystal under certain conditions. In the nanoparticle array synthesized by taking the colloid crystal as the lithography mask, the shapes, sizes, spacing and even compositions of the particles can be controlled easily. By these parameters and the corresponding environmental media, properties of the array can be tuned effectively, which also facilitates the research on size－dependent properties and has potential applications in various nano－devices with special functions. In this article, the synthesis process, structure, shape and properties of this array system are described and future prospects of applications are also presented.