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第五讲 生物医学信息处理——DNA微阵列数据在医学中的应用

Application of DNA microarray data to medicine

  • 摘要: 飞速发展的生物信息技术为现代医学提供了更为有效的工具.特别是随着人类基因组计划的基本完成和逐步细化,人们已经试图从基因水平上来认识生命现象,特别是一些重要疾病的机理.由于生物特性一般都涉及到多个基因的共同表达,这便出现了同时衡量成千上万个基因的表现水平的所谓DNA微阵列技术与数据.DNA微阵列数据也被称为大规模基因表达谱.根据这些微阵列数据,人们不仅能够对一些疾病进行分析,并且还能够发现一些新的生物特性与规律.另外,利用微阵列数据能够选取出疾病的相关基因并进行疾病的分类与诊断.这项研究无疑将推动医学的发展.最近,人们还进一步通过基因表达水平值来发现基因之间的调控方式,这将为疾病病理的研究与治疗提供更科学的依据.

     

    Abstract: The fast developing technology of bioinformatics has provided a new efficient tool for modern medicine. In particular, since the accomplishment of the human genome project we can now try to understand the phenomenon of life from the point of view of genes, especially with regard to the mechanism of major diseases. Since a biological feature generally involves many genes, DNA microarray chips have been developed to detect the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously, the so-called microarray data or large scale expression profile. With these data we can analyze the diseases, and even find new biological features or orderly patterns. Moreover, according to these microarray data we can select the informative genes of a certain disease and construct a classifier or diagonal system for it, which will certainly promote the development of medicine. Furthermore, microarray data have been applied to the analysis of regulation and control among genes, which will be significant for the pathology and treatment of diseases.

     

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