火星空间环境磁场探测研究——“萤火1号”磁强计的研制与应用

王劲东; 赵华; 周斌; 陈斯文; 廖怀哲; 朱光武; 王赤; 张鑫; 李磊; 孙越强; 冯永勇; 周敬萱; 陶然

火星空间环境磁场探测研究——“萤火1号”磁强计的研制与应用

Martian space environment magnetic field research: Development and application of the YH -1 precision magnetometer

摘要

摘要: 文章介绍了“萤火1号”卫星对火星空间环境磁场进行探测的目的、意义及采用的方式方法.研究火星的空间环境离不开火星磁场，它对于火星弓激波、磁鞘、电离层、大气等绝大多数空间环境效应都有着深刻的影响，因此 “萤火1号”卫星安装了一台重要的科学探测载荷——高精度磁强计，以满足科学研究和应用目标的需求.磁强计从原理选择到具体设计，都考虑到了火星轨道严酷的工作环境和科学目标所需的测量要求.通过“萤火1号”装星前的地面标定测试实验，验证了高精度磁强计可以在-140—75℃温度范围内测量±256nT以内的磁场，分辨率达到了0.01nT，带宽内总噪声小于0.03nT，能够胜任 “萤火1号”对火星空间环境探测的科学任务.“萤火1号”火星探测器将于2011年与俄罗斯的“福布斯-土壤”一同飞往火星，这是人类送往火星最精密的磁场探测器之一，将对火星空间环境磁场结构和动力学过程进行精密而详细的探测.

Abstract: We review the purpose, significance and method of the determination of the Martian space environment's magnetic field by Yinghuo-1(YH-1), the first Chinese Martian space environment exploration orbiter. Most of the scientific objectives of the YH-1 orbiter are related to the Martian space magnetic field, so the magnetometer is considered to be one of the most important payloads. This instrument is designed to work in the harsh environment of the Mars orbit and to collect accurate data of its magnetic field over a long period. The YH-1 magnetometer has a ±256nT dynamic range at 0.01nT resolution, throughout an operation temperature of -140℃ to 75℃. With a total noise level below 0.03nT, the magnetometer can measure three-component magnetic fields from DC to 10Hz. It will operate together with an onboard Plasma Package program to analyze the magnetic field and dynamics of the Martian space environment.

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