Physics and deep learning：an introduction to the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics

The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for pioneering research on neural networks, recognizing the transformative impact of deep learning across interdisciplinary fields. Physicist John Hopfield and“Godfather of AI”Geoffrey Hinton were honored for their outstanding contributions to the development of artificial neural networks. This article, written from the perspective of physics researchers, will highlight the representative research achievements of the laureates, and explore the deep connection between physics and deep learning. The essential role of physics in advancing deep learning will be examined, and the profound impact of deep learning on the future development of physics will be envisioned, using its integration with first-principles calculations as a concrete example.